Detection of light is a basic need for everything from devices to plants and animals. In the case of animals, light detection systems are very highly specialized, and often operate very near to ...
Radiation shielding is used to block or attenuate the intensity of alpha particles (helium atoms), beta particles (electrons), X-ray radiation, and gamma radiation (energetic electromagnetic radiation ...
This project studied glass under applied fields from the most basic physics and chemistry to experiments on applications practical to optical computing. Change of valence of ion species due to ...