The rare earth elements are all metals and share many of their useful properties, like being highly conductive, malleable, and ductile. That means they can be alloyed with other more common metals ...
ellipsoid gravity. Like the different navigation frames presented in Chapter 3, there are many models for the Earth's geometry and gravity. These models are based on parameters that have been assigned ...
Belying their reputation, rare-earth metals aren't all that rare. Going by parts per million, cerium, the most common rare-earth mineral, is more abundant in the Earth's crust than copper.
Research in the International Journal of Global Energy Issues has looked at the volatility of rare earth metals traded on the London Stock Exchange. The work used an advanced statistical model ...
so when the impact remixed the Earth, the newly formed tungsten sank into the metal core. This created a rocky outer layer with a lower concentration of hafnium than before, and a metal core with much ...
the HSEs became trapped within Earth’s mantle, which allowed them easy access to the surface. This was all previously known, but nobody knew how the metals were trapped — until now, thanks to computer ...