A system in which the specifications are kept secret to prevent interference from third parties. It inhibits third-party software from being installed; it keeps third-party hardware from ...
All that said, "Closed loop geothermal (CLG) systems are geothermal systems that don’t exchange water with the external environment, but instead run water through a 'closed loop,' or a ...
Contrast with closed system. Open systems refers to open platforms, whereas open source refers to the software's source code and rights regarding its redistribution. Open systems may employ open ...
Scientists from the United Kingdom’s University of Nottingham and China’s Southwest Jiaotong University have developed a novel hydronic closed-loop PV cooling system for hot and arid regions.